• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a small combustion plant (1) charged discontinuously with fuel (10) and to a method for determining the amount of fuel during burning, at least one housing (2) having at least one combustion chamber (11) mounted on a fixed supporting surface (5) provided from outside a combustion air supply device, an exhaust system (15) connected to a chimney (16) and a feed opening (9) for discontinuous charging with particulate fuel (10). In order to determine the decrease of the fuel during the burnup, at least one sensor unit (6) for detecting a combustion process of the small combustion plant (1) dependent size and an evaluation device (7) for determining a fuel quantity from this between support surface (5) and housing (2) Size provided.
    公开号:AT514234A2
    申请号:T50307/2014
    申请日:2014-04-28
    公开日:2014-11-15
    发明作者:Heinz Dr Kohler；Ralf Dr Herwig；Paul Butschbach
    申请人:Hochschule Karlsruhe Technik Und Wirtschaft；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    - 1 -
    P09022AT
    Small combustion plant with discontinuous fuel supply and method for determining a fuel quantity
    The invention relates to a discontinuously fuel-loaded small combustion plant and a method for determining the amount of fuel during burning at least containing a set up on a bottom surface housing with at least one combustion chamber, a combustion air supply, an exhaust system connected to a chimney and a feed opening for discontinuous charging with lumpy fuel ,
    Small combustion plants are used in one- or two-family houses, smaller residential complexes and the like for heat recovery. These may be boilers, tiled stoves and / or stoves. With discontinuous charging of these with lumpy fuel, such as logs, biomass briquettes, fossil briquettes and the like occur at unregulated burn high pollutant and particulate matter. Therefore, as is known from DE 10 2006 046 599 A1, sensor-controlled small combustion systems are proposed, which are preferably operated independently of a heat demand situation in an optimal combustion process. For this purpose, in the case of small boilers designed as boilers sufficient buffer memory should be provided. For further operating modes, however, there may still be a need to operate the small combustion plant in part-load operation, for example, to provide a reduced heat production, especially if a buffer sufficiently tempered or directly heated rooms are sufficiently tempered. In order to limit the high pollutant load in the partial load range of the small combustion plant or possibly to avoid such an operating mode, a heat demand management is required, which predicts a heat demand and the small firing system is proposed with an appropriate amount of fuel for charging based on an estimated heat demand. For this purpose, a residual amount of fuel in the combustion chamber of the small combustion plant is to be determined with sufficient accuracy.
    From DE 102 07 083 A1 a boiler is known mutatis mutandis, the solids supply should be controlled by weight. In this case, the solids present in the combustion chamber are to be measured by means of a weight control device and a fuel replenishment is to be controlled. From EP 0 496 043 A1 a stove with lowerable grate is known which entrains a closure flap depending on the filled fuel and opens an air supply opening. From DE 20 2008 009 857 U1 a boiler is known, the ash box has a weighing device based on a level indicator.
    The object of the invention is therefore to propose a small combustion plant with a determination of a fuel quantity during a burnup and a method for determining a fuel quantity during the burnup.
    The object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1 and the feature combination of the method according to claim 6. The dependent on these claims subclaims give advantageous embodiments again.
    The proposed small combustion plant includes at least one on a support surface, such as a bottom surface, on suspension surfaces and the like supported as positioned housing with at least one combustion chamber, a Verbrennungsluftzufuhreinrichtung, connected to a chimney exhaust system and a charging port for discontinuous charging with lumpy fuel and at least one between ground surface and housing arranged sensor unit for detecting a dependent of combustion processes of the small combustion plant size and an evaluation device for determining a fuel quantity of this size. In the simplest case, the determination of the amount of fuel during the burn-off of the information for refueling serve. However, it has proved to be particularly advantageous to use the determination of the amount of fuel in a sensory-controlled small combustion system for the formation of a heat demand management. For this purpose, at least one of the parameters listed below in non-conclusive selection can be combined time of day, weather and / or their predicted course, current or predicted heat content in a buffer and / or service water storage, current heat dissipation, climate tables with the determined fuel quantity and from this a heat demand forecast can be created ,
    The small combustion plant is preferably a boiler, as it is known for example from DE 10 2006 046 599 A1. In that regard, the use and arrangement of the Sen- 3/14 -3- P09022AT sensors and the control of the disclosed there small combustion plant in the disclosure of this application are incorporated in full. Such or with a modified sensor designed boiler can be operated by appropriate control of the combustion temperature on the air supply, afterburning and the like under pollutant reduction. In particular, the use of temperature sensors, sensors for determining the content of afterburnable gases, the residual oxygen, mass flow sensors and / or the like may be advantageous in order to control air supply flows of a primary and / or secondary combustion chamber via a combustion process. Furthermore, small combustion plants such as tiled stoves, stoves and the like having such a control using the features of the present claims can be advantageously provided.
    The housing of the small combustion system is formed in a conventional manner and optionally includes a heat exchanger arranged around the combustion chamber, which may be subdivided into a primary and secondary combustion chamber, with a piping, for example, to a buffer and / or service water storage. The housing is placed on a prepared in a known manner bottom surface as the bottom plate. Between at least one contact surface of the housing and the housing, a sensor element is arranged. The arrangement of the sensor element is thus carried out directly between the housing and the contact surface of the bottom surface or suspension surface, so that inner tilting, friction and the like of the combustion chamber are avoided compared to the other components and thereby a falsified measurement result is avoided. In an advantageous manner, the housing has four stand-up feet or suspension surfaces, between each of which and the mating surface, such as bottom surface or support surface, a sensor element is arranged. The sensor element (s) may be pressure sensors, for example piezoelectric load cells designed according to the piezoelectric sensor principle or strain gauge (DMS) or capacitive weighing principle and detecting the total weight of the small combustion plants and subtracting the amount of fuel or its weight determine.
    The combustion air supply device supplies the combustion chamber, or primary and / or secondary combustion chamber optionally with oxygen, preferably from ambient air, separately, depending on the combustion and after-combustion conditions. 4/14 -4-
    P09022AT
    For this purpose, an air flow in the compressed air or Saugluftverfahren can be adjusted via appropriate control devices such as fans, flaps, valves and / or the like.
    The small combustion plant is subject during a burnup of fuel between ignition and termination of a temperature change, which leads to thermal changes of this compared to the non or relatively less heated environment. Under environment here are interfaces between the small combustion system, especially the housing of this and solid objects to understand that form a parallel to the contact surface between the housing and the bottom surface or hitch surface secondary force. This juxtaposition can be formed for example by objects such as piping, the fireplace and the like. This juxtaposition can lead to mechanical tension and thus to a falsification of the determined from the size of the at least one sensor unit fuel quantity. It is therefore proposed to isolate the small combustion system mechanically at least partially tension-free with respect to the environment, to decouple or only elastically bind so far that at a vertical displacement of the housing relative to the interfaces of the environment forming objects, the displacement force over the resolution of the size in the context of required accuracy for detecting the amount of fuel is small or preferably negligible .. For this purpose, it is proposed to connect the exhaust system by means of a Verschieberohrelements with the chimney. To form the Verschieberohrelement further tight in particular against escaping combustion gases, this may be provided with an outer bellows. If the thermal expansion increases, the displacement tube element compensates for occurring stresses at least to such an extent that a separation of the fuel quantity from a disturbance-prone variable of the at least one sensor element is made possible with sufficient accuracy.
    Furthermore, a piping leading away from the housing between the housing and the environment may be formed elastically. For example, elastic tube sections may preferably be provided in the vertical direction. For example, in a small combustion plant with an integrated, for example, the combustion chamber surrounding heat exchanger and a connecting this with one or more buffer and / or hot water storage piping advantageously be provided that the piping contains flexible pressure pipe sections to compensate for thermal stresses, which is a significant Prevent assignment of the detected size of at least one sensor unit 5/14 -5- P09022AT to the amount of fuel or hinder. Preferably, such pressure pipe sections are formed flexible with respect to their longitudinal axis and preferably arranged horizontally. It is understood that a deviation from a strictly horizontal arrangement of, for example, ± 45 ° can achieve a sufficient compensation of thermal stress. The pressure tube sections are preferably designed as flexible tubes bendable with respect to their longitudinal axis, such as corrugated tubes.
    The proposed method for determining the quantity of a lumped fuel of a small combustion plant supplied discontinuously determines a decrease in the fuel supplied to the combustion chamber during a combustion time by means of a size of at least one sensor unit arranged between a housing of the small combustion plant and a bottom surface. In this case, the size is preferably recorded continuously over time and a temporal behavior of which the size of the firing temperature is eliminated. It has been found that, during a heating phase of the small combustion plant, the size determined by the at least one sensor element increases due to thermal stresses and passes through a maximum. After passing through the maximum of the size substantially constant exhaust gas temperature over the burn time decreases substantially monotonically, so that the size detected at the maximum a current amount of fuel and in a time window between maximum and by the operating mode of the predetermined or predetermined time threshold, the detected Size of the fuel decrease can be assigned. Furthermore, from the time course at a predeterminable time t from the boiler mass m (g) before filling, the initial mass m (0) after filling and before the ignition of the fuel, the maximum mass m (peak) determined at the maximum of the size a residual fuel quantity m (r) determined according to the following equation (1), or at least estimated: m (r) m (0) - (m (peak) - m (t)) determined at the time t of the combustion process m (t) - m (g) (1)
    It has been found that at a weight of the small combustion plant of about 750 kg with commonly available sensor elements, a sufficient resolution of at least 1 kg can be achieved, on the one hand against the backdrop of deviations of the calorific value of the fuel and the discontinuously supplied fuel quantity sufficiently accurate is. It goes without saying that considerably greater accuracies can be achieved, for example in special cases in the range of up to a few grams, if the measuring equipment and the fireplaces are adapted accordingly.
    In particular, in conjunction with a sensor device for controlling a selective combustion with low pollutant emissions, a fuel demand forecast can be created based on standard operating parameters and the residual fuel quantity determined largely avoids a part-load operation of the small combustion plant, for example, based on a fuel demand according to limited, discontinuously supplied fuel quantity. This is of great advantage, since a partial load operation of solid fuel operated small combustion plants may be associated with increased emissions of polluting combustion exhaust gases.
    The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2. Showing:
    Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a small combustion plant and
    Figure 2 is a flow chart of a burn of the small combustion plant.
    Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of running as a boiler small combustion plant 1 with the housing 2 and integrated into the housing 2 heat exchanger 3. The housing 2 is set up by means of Aufstellfüße 4 on the support surface 5. In further embodiments, the housing 2 can be suspended from corresponding support surfaces. Between the support feet 4 and the bottom surface of the load cells forming sensor units 6 are arranged, which form the weighing device 8 in connection with the separately formed or integrated into the control unit 14 evaluation device 7. The variables formed by the sensor units 6 as a function of a pressure load and detected by the evaluation device 7 and converted into masses comprise the weight of the small firing system 1 together with the fuel 10, for example firewood, fed discontinuously through the feed opening 9. After the ignition of the fuel 10, the one-piece illustrated here, but consisting of a primary and a secondary combustion chamber combustion chamber 11 and thus the medium contained in the heat exchanger 3 is heated. The heated medium is passed by means not shown circulating pumps and / or by gravity optionally dependent on valves, not shown on the piping 12 into the buffer memory 13. The control unit 14 controls the small combustion system 1 7/14 - 7- P09022AT and valves of the buffer memory 13 to achieve the best possible combustion process in all phases of combustion, for example, depending on the combustion temperature, ambient conditions, exhaust gas concentrations, oxygen concentration and the like. Here, the combustion air supply is controlled, so that a corresponding ideal combustion temperature is set. Corresponding sensors for detecting these parameters are provided and not shown in detail.
    The small combustion plant 1 is connected by means of the exhaust system 15 to the chimney 16. To compensate thermally induced, mechanical differential movements between the housing 2 and the chimney 16, the exhaust system 15 is provided with the Verschieberohrelement 17. Between the housing 2 - for example, as shown here to the housing 2 firmly connected to the heat of the combustion chamber receiving heat exchanger 3 on the one hand and preferably all the building side firmly mounted or suspended components - for example, as shown here the buffer memory 13 on the other hand, the casing 12 is formed elastically , For this purpose, the elastic pressure pipe sections 18 are inserted into the casing 12, which are formed from the horizontally arranged, bendable along its longitudinal axis flexible tubes 19. As a result of the mechanical, force-induced decoupling of the housing 2 from the environment, the force effect of non-mass changes due to the combustion of the fuel 10 on the sensor elements 6 can be reduced at least to the extent that, after deduction of these force effects and the weight of the small combustion system 1, the decrease in the Fuel quantity during a burn-off can be detected with sufficient accuracy.
    FIG. 2 shows with reference to the small furnace 1 of FIG. 1 the diagram 20 with the curves 21, 22. The curve 21 reproduces the mass m determined from the variables of the sensor units 6 over the burnup time t of a burnup. Curve 22 shows the combustion temperature T over the combustion time t of a burnup. At the time t = 0, starting mass m (0), for example approx. 15 kg of fuel 10 such as firewood, is introduced into the combustion chamber 11 and ignited at time t (s) starting from the boiler mass m (g) of the small firing plant. In this case, the temperature T increases, so that the heating of the small combustion plant 1, despite the formation of the displacement tube element 17 and the pressure tube sections 8, results in remaining but reproducible mechanical stresses which simulate an increasing mass m. After a time dependent on the design of the small combustion plant 1 and the combustion process sets 8/14 -8- P09022AT the maximum mass m (peak). In the following time until the time t (z), the mass m drops substantially linearly due to the combustion process. From this mass profile, the actual fuel quantity of the fuel 10 with the residual mass m (r) in the combustion chamber 11 can be determined by means of equation (1), and a heat demand forecast can be generated in the control unit 14 as a function of further operating parameters. Depending on this heat demand forecast, a mass of fuel 10 to be replenished, for example about 3 kg, is requested and replenished at time t (z), whereby due to the mechanical stress, a higher mass m (z) than the mass m (0) from the weighing device 8 can be determined and is compensated accordingly by equation (1).
    Subsequently, the fuel 10 is successively burned first at maximum combustion temperature Tv and then with decreasing temperature, so that its mass m decreases continuously. At time t (e), the cut-off temperature Ta at the final mass m (e) of the fuel 10 is reached at which the air supply is throttled, whereby the combustion temperature T decreases sharply and as a result, the temperature of the small combustion system decreases and relieve the thermally induced mechanical tension , so that the determined mass m (g) again approaches the mass of the small combustion plant 1 when the fuel 10 is completely combusted. 9.14
    -9- P09022AT
    List of Reference Numerals 1 Small combustion plant 2 Housing 3 Heat exchanger 4 Setting foot 5 Support surface 6 Sensor unit 7 Evaluation device 8 Weighing device 9 Feed opening 10 Fuel 11 Combustion chamber 12 Piping 13 Buffer storage 14 Control unit 15 Exhaust system 16 Chimney 17 Displacement tube element 18 Pressure tube section 19 Flex tube 20 Diagram 21 Curve 22 Curve m Mass m (0 ) Initial mass m (e) final mass m (g) boiler mass m (peak) maximum mass m (r) residual mass m (z) higher mass t burning time t (e) time 10/14 - 10 -
    P09022AT t (s) Time t (z) Time T Combustion temperature
    Ta shutdown temperature
    Tv maximum combustion temperature 11/14
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. A small combustion plant (1) at least comprising a housing (2) supported in a spatial environment on a fixed support surface (5) with at least one combustion chamber (11), a combustion air supply device, an exhaust system connected to a chimney (16) (15) and a charging opening (9) for discontinuous charging with particulate fuel (10), characterized in that between support surface (5) and housing (2) at least one sensor unit (6) for detecting one of combustion processes of the small combustion plant (1) dependent Size and an evaluation device (7) are provided for determining a fuel quantity from this size and the housing (2) is decoupled stress-free from the environment.
    [2]
    2. Small combustion plant (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust system (15) by means of a Verschieberohrelements (17) with the chimney (16) is connected.
    [3]
    3. Small combustion plant (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one of the housing (2) leading away piping (12) contains flexible pressure pipe sections (18).
    [4]
    4. Small combustion plant (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the flexible pressure pipe sections (18) are arranged horizontally.
    [5]
    5. Small combustion plant (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the pressure pipe sections (18) with respect to their longitudinal axis bendable flexible pipes (19).
    [6]
    6. A method for determining the quantity of a discontinuously supplied lumped fuel (10) of a small combustion plant (1) according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a decrease in a combustion chamber (11) supplied fuel (10) during a burn-off (t) by means of a size of at least one between a housing (2) of the small furnace (1) and a bottom surface (5) arranged sensor unit (6) is determined.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the size over the burning time (t) is continuously detected and from the temporal behavior, a dependence of the size of the combustion temperature (T) is eliminated. 12/14 - 12 - P09022AT
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a maximum of the size of a combustion chamber in the (11) currently available amount of fuel is assigned.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that from the time course at a predeterminable time a residual fuel amount is determined.
    [10]
    10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that based on standard operating parameters and the residual fuel quantity determined a fuel demand forecast is created. 13/14
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102013104598B4|2019-02-21|
    DE102013104598A1|2014-11-06|
    CH708056B1|2015-08-14|
    CH708056A2|2014-11-14|
    AT514234B1|2015-12-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB1012885A|1961-08-22|1965-12-08|Dingler Werke Ag|Process and apparatus for the continuous cantrolled charging of shaft furnaces|
    DE3306224A1|1983-02-23|1984-08-30|Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar|METHOD FOR QUANTITY CONTROL OF SOLID FUELS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD|
    EP0297086A1|1987-06-22|1988-12-28|Erwin Trummer|Combustion air supply regulating device for a stove|
    DE102007050318A1|2007-10-18|2009-04-23|Georg Bachmayer|Solid fuel furnace automatic controlling method for solid fuel e.g. saw dust, combustion device, involves continuously supplying fuel by using supply device, and controlling speed and/or on-time of supply device based on control factor|
    DE4101631A1|1991-01-21|1992-07-23|Everken Olsberger Huette Kg|HEATER OPERATED WITH SOLID FUELS|
    DE10207083A1|2002-02-20|2003-08-28|Kidik Osman|Solid fuel burner for water heater or boiler has basket with perforated floor and sides containing fuel bed and resting on balance monitoring weight of bed|
    DE102006046599B4|2006-09-30|2012-02-09|Hochschule Karlsruhe-Technik Und Wirtschaft|Process and apparatus for the discontinuous combustion of fuels|
    DE202008009857U1|2008-07-23|2009-12-10|Robert Bosch Gmbh|boiler|IT201700015695A1|2017-02-13|2018-08-13|Tre P Eng S R L|COMBUSTOR FOR BIOMASS TREATMENT|
    IT201700018596A1|2017-02-20|2018-08-20|Gianni Bagnara|Solid fuel heating appliance|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102013104598.7A|DE102013104598B4|2013-05-06|2013-05-06|Small combustion plant with discontinuous fuel supply and method for determining a fuel quantity|
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